RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CAR DESIGN

U članku se analizira odnos između dizajna i aerodinamičnosti automobila, te kako se dizajneri nose s ovim izazovom. Automobili nisu samo sredstva prijevoza nego i predmet osobnosti, zato se percepcija kupca mora rano uklopiti u proces oblikovanja karoserije. Razvoj dizajna novog vozila, kreće od percepcije kupaca, zatim slijedi proces dizajniranja te na kraju validacija. Dizajnom se mora pogoditi tržište odnosno regionalni ukus, koji određuje identitet i prepoznatljivost vozila. Istraživanje osobnosti izbora dizajna automobila na studentskoj muškoj i ženskoj populaciji govori da je dizajn najmanje jednako odlučujući čimbenik izbora vozila kao i njegove performanse. Činjenica je da su tehnički koncepti automobila sve sličniji u svim segmentima, stoga je dizajn više nego ikad prije sredstvo pomoću kojeg se razlikuju jedni od drugih. Stoga je moderni dizajn automobila uvjetovan ljepotom, komforom i sigurnošću vožnje, koje sve više dolazi do izražaja. Na kraju, dizajn vozila je prijelomna točka od koje ovisi tržišni uspjeh.The article analyses the relationship between design and aerodynamics of the car, and how the designers handle this challenge. Cars are not just a means of transport but also a subject of personality; therefore, the customer\u27s perception must be incorporated early into the body shaping process. The design development of a new vehicle is based on customer perception, followed by the design process and fi nally validation. The design must be guided by the market or regional taste, which determines the identity and distinctiveness of the vehicle. Research on the personality of car design choices on the male and female student population indicates that the design is at least as decisive a factor of vehicle choice as is its performance. The fact is that the technical concepts of cars are ever more similar in all segments, thus the design is more than ever a means of diff erentiation from each other. Consequently, modern car design is conditioned by beauty, comfort and safety of driving, which is becoming increasingly apparent. In the end, the vehicle design is the crucial point determining its market success

Brief Overview on New Law of Deffence Production, Overhaul and Trade of weapons and Defense Equipment

U članku je dan osvrt na glavne značajke novog zakona o proizvodnji, remontu i prometu naoružanja i vojne opreme. Razmatran je utjecaj odredbi zakona na afirmaciju domaće vojne proizvodnje i njene perspektive kako bi bila konkurentna budućem vremenu i zadacima. Transformacija bivše ratne proizvodnje novim zakonom dobiva nove obrise mirnodopskog razvoja. Uvodi se institut “hladnog pogona”, “offset programa” i pojam “popisa odobrenih proizvođača” u koje ulaze i obrtnici. Na osnovi Dugoročnog plana razvoja oružanih snaga koji donosi Hrvatski sabor izvodit će se planiranje proizvodnje, remonta, naoružanja i vojne opreme. Proizvođači proizvode sredstva za potrebe MORH-a na temelju ugovora. Za potrebe izvoza proizvodnja se obavlja na temelju ugovora proizvođača i kupca uz prethodnu suglasnost Agencije Vlade Republike Hrvatske. Analizirane su moguće posljedice neodređenosti sustava vojne proizvodnje i managemanta. Možda će zakonska regulativa olakšati pokretanje zaboravljenog razvoja i vojne proizvodnje a ne degradacije njezine uloge i domaćeg identiteta.This article provides a brief overview on the main characteristics of the new Law on defense production, overhaul and trade of weapons and defense equipment. It is discussed how new Law is affecting affirmation of domestic defense production and its perspective in order to be competitive in future tasks. By this Law transformation of former wartime production is getting new shape of peacetime development. Some new categories are incorporated like “preserved capability”, offset programs and “list of approved manufacturers” which includes crafts. Long-term Armed Forces Development Plan, approved by Parliament, will be base for development of the Plan for defense production and overhaul of weapons and defense equipment. Production for MoD needs is done through contracts with manufacturers. For export of defense articles production is done through contracts between manufacturer and buyer with prior approval of Government Agency. Possible consequences of not completely defined defense production and management system were analyzed. Perhaps this legal regulation will enable restart of neglected domestic development and defense production and prevent degradation of its role

Brief Overview on New Law of Deffence Production, Overhaul and Trade of weapons and Defense Equipment

U članku je dan osvrt na glavne značajke novog zakona o proizvodnji, remontu i prometu naoružanja i vojne opreme. Razmatran je utjecaj odredbi zakona na afirmaciju domaće vojne proizvodnje i njene perspektive kako bi bila konkurentna budućem vremenu i zadacima. Transformacija bivše ratne proizvodnje novim zakonom dobiva nove obrise mirnodopskog razvoja. Uvodi se institut “hladnog pogona”, “offset programa” i pojam “popisa odobrenih proizvođača” u koje ulaze i obrtnici. Na osnovi Dugoročnog plana razvoja oružanih snaga koji donosi Hrvatski sabor izvodit će se planiranje proizvodnje, remonta, naoružanja i vojne opreme. Proizvođači proizvode sredstva za potrebe MORH-a na temelju ugovora. Za potrebe izvoza proizvodnja se obavlja na temelju ugovora proizvođača i kupca uz prethodnu suglasnost Agencije Vlade Republike Hrvatske. Analizirane su moguće posljedice neodređenosti sustava vojne proizvodnje i managemanta. Možda će zakonska regulativa olakšati pokretanje zaboravljenog razvoja i vojne proizvodnje a ne degradacije njezine uloge i domaćeg identiteta.This article provides a brief overview on the main characteristics of the new Law on defense production, overhaul and trade of weapons and defense equipment. It is discussed how new Law is affecting affirmation of domestic defense production and its perspective in order to be competitive in future tasks. By this Law transformation of former wartime production is getting new shape of peacetime development. Some new categories are incorporated like “preserved capability”, offset programs and “list of approved manufacturers” which includes crafts. Long-term Armed Forces Development Plan, approved by Parliament, will be base for development of the Plan for defense production and overhaul of weapons and defense equipment. Production for MoD needs is done through contracts with manufacturers. For export of defense articles production is done through contracts between manufacturer and buyer with prior approval of Government Agency. Possible consequences of not completely defined defense production and management system were analyzed. Perhaps this legal regulation will enable restart of neglected domestic development and defense production and prevent degradation of its role

Modernizacija stručnog studijskog programa za obrazovanje inženjera motornih vozila

U sektoru strojarstva, područje motornih vozila je iznimno propulzivna djelatnost. Zanimanje inženjera motornih vozila čini skup poslova koji su svojim sadržajem tehnološki srodni i povezani i koji će društvu biti potrebni u budućnosti za stvaranje nove vrijednosti. U okviru projekta KOZMOK izveden je standard zanimanja inženjera održavanja motornih vozila koji se temelji se na povezivanosti obrazovanja i tržišta rada. U cilju stručnog obrazovanja inženjera motornih vozila provedena je modernizacija preddiplomskog stručnog studija motornih vozila. Uvedeni su inovativni predmeti: Električna i hibridna vozila, Ispitivanje motornih vozila, Konstruiranje pomoću računala i Komunikacijske vještine, koji donose nove ishode i kompetencije studenata. Studenti će stjecati primijenjena znanja i vještine s naglaskom na održavanje ispravnosti motornih vozila. Takav studijski program je jamac uspjeha završenih studenata na tržištu rada

WHEELS OF A CAR AS ELEMENTS OF DRIVING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

U članku prikazujemo istraživanje svojstva pneumatika osobnih vozila s aspekta problematike sigurnosti vožnje i zaštite okoliša. Promjena bočne krutosti pneumatika i promjena dubine kanala gume može uzrokovati zanošenje vozila. Ako zamijenimo gume boljim gumama samo na prednjoj osovini, vozilo će se ponašati nesigurno za vožnju. Koristeći kočnice pojedinih kotača, postavljena je jednadžba kontrole stabilnosti vozila. Sigurnost vožnje je također povezana s pojavom aquaplaninga na mokroj cesti. Kako bi s tog gledišta procijenili stanje urbanih vozila proveli smo empirijsko istraživanje dubine kanala guma, te dali analizu i zaključke o sigurnosti vožnje. Ispitivanja potrošnje goriva upozoravaju na važnost stalnog nadzora tlaka zraka u gumama. Homologacija kotača novih modela vozila povezana je s motorom i prijenosnicima snage. Laboratorijskim i stvarnim testiranjem, određuje se potrošnja goriva i emisija ispušnih plinova. Možemo zaključiti da je moderni kotač uvjetovan sigurnošću vožnje od zanošenja vozila i zaštitom okolišaThe paper presents a research of the characteristics of the personal vehicle tires from the point of view of the issues of driving safety and environmental protection. Changing the cornering stiffness of the pneumatics and changing the depth of the tire may cause vehicles to drift. If we replace tires with better tires only on the front axle, the vehicle will behave insecurely in driving. Using the individual wheel brakes, a vehicle stability control equation is set. Driving safety is also associated with the emergence of aquaplaning on wet roads. In order to assess the condition of urban vehicles, we conducted an empirical research on the depth of the tire canal, and provided an analysis and conclusions on driving safety. Fuel consumption tests warn of the importance of constant pressure monitoring of tires. The wheel homologation is linked to the engine and transmissions, ie fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Laboratory and real-time testing determines fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. We can conclude that the modern wheel is conditioned by the driving safety from vehicle drift as well as environmental protectio

Modernizacija stručnog studijskog programa za obrazovanje inženjera motornih vozila

U sektoru strojarstva, područje motornih vozila je iznimno propulzivna djelatnost. Zanimanje inženjera motornih vozila čini skup poslova koji su svojim sadržajem tehnološki srodni i povezani i koji će društvu biti potrebni u budućnosti za stvaranje nove vrijednosti. U okviru projekta KOZMOK izveden je standard zanimanja inženjera održavanja motornih vozila koji se temelji se na povezivanosti obrazovanja i tržišta rada. U cilju stručnog obrazovanja inženjera motornih vozila provedena je modernizacija preddiplomskog stručnog studija motornih vozila. Uvedeni su inovativni predmeti: Električna i hibridna vozila, Ispitivanje motornih vozila, Konstruiranje pomoću računala i Komunikacijske vještine, koji donose nove ishode i kompetencije studenata. Studenti će stjecati primijenjena znanja i vještine s naglaskom na održavanje ispravnosti motornih vozila. Takav studijski program je jamac uspjeha završenih studenata na tržištu rada

Detection and Neutralization of Threats from Improvised Explosive Devices (types CBRN-CIED)

Various forms of threats, technological accidents, especially in the chemical industry and military complexes which cause major damages to humans, assets and environment, draw attention to development of new technological means to eliminate danger without the risk for human life. This determines the equipment logistic for the protection and rescue system. In line with this, the article presents the development of a robotized system for detection of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats (CBRN), and for detection and neutralization of improvised explosive devices (CIED). In addition, a prototype model of a robotic vehicle is constructed. Reconnaissance, terrain and object mapping are of great importance so that the operators and technicians have at their disposal an option of multiple analysis of a problem. The basic feature of using a robotized machine is the replacement of EOD and CBRN technicians in various life-threatening situations. Citizens\u27 trust is of greatest and crucial importance for providing safety in such extraordinary situations. In order to meet the strict tactical and technical requirements, the robotised system comprises the stealth platform, working tools, a control console, a manipulator arm for complex actions, a CBRN detector, an additional EOD robot for terrain scouting and sample taking, an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft and a mobile command center. The prototype model of a robotic vehicle shows that the project is both technically and economically feasible on the basis of a tracked machine with battery propulsion, the Ultra Low Profile dozer. Existing resources and experience in development of specialized machines are significant for the development of a robotised system

The impact of a fixed kinematic radius of a tracked vehicle on the engine power required in a turn

V prispevku je analiziran vpliv velikosti računskega polmera obračanja na potrebno moč motorja pri obračanju in na obremenjenost drsnih elementov mahanizma obračanja goseničnega vozila, ki ima mehanizem obračanja z več izračunanimi polmeri obračanja. Definirani so parametri, ki opisujejo relativno spremembo potrebne moči motorja pri obračanju, relativno spremembo zavorne moči na drsnih elementih mehanizma obračanja in spremembo koeficienta koristnega delovanja mehanizma obračanja v odvisnosti od relativnega polmera obračanja. Podana so priporočila za izbiranje računskih polmerov obračanja pri projektiranju mahanizma obračanja goseničnega vozila.This paper analyzes the impact of a fixed kinematic turning radius on the engine power required in a turn and on the load of friction elements in the turning mechanism of a tracked vehicle equipped with turning mechanisms that have several fixed kinematic turning radii. Parameters describing the relative change of engine power in a turn the relative change of braking power on the friction elements of the turning mechanism, and the change of efficiency coefficient of the turning mechanism depending on the relative turning radius are defined. Recommendations regarding the choice of fixed kinematic turning radii, relating to the design of the turning mechanism of a tracked vehicle, are given

BASIS OF PROTECTION OF PATIENTS FROM HARMFUL VIBRATIONS IN MEDICAL VEHICLES - MEDICAL SUSPENSION

Prikazujemo istraživanje udobnosti medicinskih vozila s aspekta problematike štetnih vibracija i zaštite pacijenata. Pacijent koji leži na nosilu može od medicinskog tima primiti širok raspon predbolničke skrbi. Medicinska vozila izvode se na bazi teretnih vozila. Njihov pasivni ovjes je prilagođen teretnom vozilu. Pri kretanju po neravninama, ovjes vozila uzrokuje štetne mehaničke vibracije koje mogu ugroziti život pacijenta. Usporedbom karakteristika pasivnog i aktivnog ovjesa te modela simulacije pokazali smo prednosti ugradnje zračnog ovjesa za smanjenje i otklanjanje štetnih vibracija. Razmatrali smo suvremeni medicinski ovjes vozila, po principu samo-niveliranja visine podnice, s mogućnošću spuštanja stražnjeg dijela vozila za prihvat pacijenata. Na realnom primjeru prikazali smo moguću ugradnju aktivnog zračnog ovjesa. Pojam naziva medicinski ovjes potječe iz stručnog žargona jer se najbliže može identificirati sa medicinskim vozilima hitne pomoći.We present research into the comfort of medical vehicles from the aspect of the issue of harmful effects and patient protection. A patient lying on a stretcher can receive a wide range of pre-hospital care from the medical team. Medical vehicles are produced on the basis of cargo vehicles. Their passive suspension is adapted to a truck.When moving on uneven surfaces, the vehicle\u27s suspension causes harmful mechanical vibrations that can endanger the patient\u27s life. By comparing the characteristics of the passive and active suspension and the simulation model, we showed the advantages of installing an air suspension to reduce and eliminate harmful vibrations. We considered a modern medical vehicle suspension, based on the principle of self-leveling of the floor height, with the possibility of lowering the rear part of the vehicle for receiving patients. On a realistic example, we have shown the possible installation of an active air suspension. The term medical suspension comes from professional jargon because it can be most closely identified with medical vehicles

5th International Scientific Conference on Kinesiology: Kinesiology research trends and applications : proceedings book

Approaching the time of the 50th anniversary of the successful work in the mission of high education and research of the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, we are exceptionally happy and satisfi ed that all the organisational and programme tasks and goals of the 5th International Scientifi c Conference on Kinesiology have been accomplished. Although our University is a large and among the oldest in the area, our Faculty is a relatively young, small institution of academic education from a small country in transition, which is facing and struggling with typical problems of the era and specifi c social processes. However, all previous efforts of our predecessors, even as far back as the 19th century, but especially of dear doyennes an doyens of kinesiology, as well as the establishing and organisation of the Conference, no matter how inexperienced it might have seemed in the beginning, back in the year 1997 in Dubrovnik, enables us nowadays to be peer members of the circle of internationally recognized and well-known institutions and organizations of sport/exercise science, or kinesiology. With no false modesty, it is a considerable achievement of our scholars, researchers, associates, other employees and last, but by no means the least important, our partners - students. A great contribution of our foreign colleagues should be recognized and accentuated here – nothing of the previously mentioned would have been possible without their good will, open minds and enormous interest in our work and advances. We cannot exclude a contribution of our famous athletes and their sport achievements. This is the right place to express our deepest appreciation and gratitude to them all and our wishes for continuation and expansion of the cooperation in many fi elds. The science fi eld we are interested in is so diverse, broad, complex; it investigates the very essence of life – the movement and everything needed for its realisation – its purpose, its origins, conditions, its means - from the molecular level to the level of anatomy, synergy of hundreds processes within a being, even to social proportions and effects of moving or not moving. All the previous conferences were exceptional opportunities for broadening of scientifi c insights into this miraculous, beautiful phenomenon of physical activity and its effects – its perfection when performed by sport artists, as seen at the XXIX Olympic Games, its joyfulness when happy children enjoy being competent to be in motion, or when we see eager people who enjoy life and nature because they have enough energy and they are healthy thanks to an active lifestyle. Ever better positioning of our science worldwide is obvious – the last example is from Croatia – in any sense, from the legislative to fi nancial, in the Croatian structure of sciences, kinesiology has become equal to physics, economics, medicine, biology, law, sociology and many others. Such a position facilitates inter- and crossdisciplinarity and mobility of scientists and students within Croatia and abroad. The rationale of the 5th meeting on kinesiology is “Kinesiology research trends and applications“ ascends from the very heart of kinesiology, which embraces numerous theoretical, developmental and applicative research issues. Namely, the ultimate purposes of that research is to know and understand human beings and to apply the fi ndings in everyday practice of education, sports, health promotion, recreation, tourism, and kinesitherapy. The Conference will work in usual plenary and parallel sessions addressing fourteen comprehensive kinesiological topics: adapted physical activity and sport for the disabled; biology and medicine of sport and exercise; biomechanics and motor control; history of sport and the Olympic movement; management of sport; tourism and sport; members of the armed forces kinesiology; physical conditioning and fi tness; physical education; psychology of sport; research methodology; sociology of sport; philosophy of sport; Sport for all and health-related activities; and top-level sport. Certain areas will be addressed at the Conference for the fi rst time, like philosophy of sport, Olympic movement and kinesiology applied to armed forces. In these Proceedings all the positively reviewed contributions are published: communications and poster presentations. We are very happy and proud because of the response of the invited 42 lecturers, worldwide famous experts in their areas of scientifi c interests who will undoubtedly throw new light on only seemingly already investigated issues, on the one hand, an on the other, bring the latest advances in research and theory, thus inspiring, especially young, researchers to learn and go ever further. After all, who knows where the frontier is? Proceedings Book contains 239 contributions, which were submitted by the submission deadline, written by 421 authors from 40 countries from all the continents. Besides the presenters, we also expect participants without contributions, among them a lot of graduate, doctoral and postdoctoral students from Croatia and abroad for whom the Pre-Conference School of Kinesiology for Postgraduate and Doctoral Students has been also organised prior to the Conference. Many thanks go to the members of the Organising and Programme Committees who did not spare their effort to prepare and realize the Conference and the Proceedings. Deep gratitude also goes to the team of reviewers, fi fty fi ve of them who carefully evaluated the contributions. The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts is for the fourth time the patron of the Conference that is quite in line with the respectable position kinesiology/sport science has earned in the very meticulous scientifi c community The Faculty wishes to express gratitude to the cooperative institutions: the Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, the Faculty of PE and Sport, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Faculty of PE and Sport, University of Comenius, Bratislava, Slovakia. Several government institutions supported the organisation of the Conference. We are grateful to: the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia, the Croatian Olympic Committee and the Croatian University Sport Association. After Dubrovnik and Opatija, dear participants, you have the opportunity to get acquainted with the Croatian capital – Zagreb, and our institution of higher education – with its facilities, its surroundings, other people working in it, our students, our laboratories, lecture rooms, library, etc. This opportunity to really know us will probably increase exchange rates among scholars and students. We wish you feel welcome and come back many times